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Common Cold Allergies - Allergies caused by common cold
In children with chronic middle-ear disease and a specific type of hearing loss , removal of adenoids may be indicated .
Croup is an inflammatory disease of the larynx ( voice box ) or epiglottis (the plate of cartilage that shuts off the entrance into the larynx during the process of swallowing ) , most often caused by viral infection ; it is encountered in infants and small children .
Spasm , edema , and abnormal secretion of mucus result in obstruction of the lower respiratory tract and characteristic wheezing and laboured breathing .
In discussing childhood respiratory diseases , tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis should be included .
Tuberculosis continues to be a major world health problem .
As countries improve public-health standards and increase their socioeconomic level , the illness and mortality from this disease decrease steadily .
Only infrequently among children does the disease extend to involve other parts of the lung or other parts of the body , such as bones , kidneys , or the central nervous system .
Miliary tuberculosis , a generalized form of infection , and tuberculous meningitis are the most severe forms of the disease and have an extremely high mortality , although recovery may occur with proper treatment .
As with other diseases , tuberculosis is better prevented than treated .
A form of immunization ( BCG — bacille Calmette – Gu é rin — vaccine ) is utilized in areas of the world in which the disease is endemic .
The underlying metabolic defect is unknown , but the disease appears to start with the secretion of unusually thick and sticky mucus .
Sinusitis , otitis , bronchitis ( inflammation of the sinuses , the ears , and the bronchi , respectively ) , and pneumonia occur commonly in children and do not differ in essential detail from the same diseases in adults .
Other conditions that affect children and adults alike are described in respiratory disease .
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