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Eye disease - The conjunctiva
The marine origin of the human species is betrayed by the need for the anterior surface of the eye to be bathed in salt water. A thin membrane lines the lids and covers the anterior surface of the globe, forming a sac, the conjunctival sac, the contents of which are lubricated by the tear glands. This warm, moist habitat provides a suitable environment for the growth of bacteria and other organisms, leading to conjunctivitis, inflammation of the conjunctiva. Bacterial conjunctivitis starts with a feeling of grittiness and discomfort, the eye is red and there is a discharge from it. The discharge is particularly noticeable after sleep, when the lids may be stuck together by the exudate on the lashes. Vision is not affected except by the strands of mucus, which can be blinked away from the cornea. Antibiotic drops usually clear the condition in a few days. Vernal conjunctivitis or spring catarrh is, as its name suggests, an allergic condition occurring in the early summer; it is more common in young people and probably results from sensitivity to external irritants such as dust and pollen. It usually responds well to treatment with drops of corticosteroid hormone.
Chronic conjunctivitis, causing a gritty feeling, with redness of the eyes and a slight mucoid discharge, is a common condition, the cause of which may be difficult to find. Often there is an infective element such as a chronic inflammation of the lid margin, and sometimes the condition is allergic and may result from sensitivity to cosmetics or to drugs applied to the eye. An unsuspected foreign body or a deficiency of tear secretion may cause similar symptoms.
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