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To become a dentist, a graduate with a bachelor’s degree undergoes 4 years in one of the dental schools accredited by the American Dental Association’s (ADA’s) Commission on Dental Accreditation. At the end of the course he undertakes various written and oral examinations before being certified as a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), also known as a dentist.nnDentists are specialists trained to diagnose, prevent and treat ailments relating to teeth or oral tissue. Their work involves employing various methods to preserve natural teeth, such as filling cavities, examining X-rays, capping children’s teeth with protective plastic sealants, and straightening and fixing fractured teeth. Evaluation of the dental health is done by examination of the X-rays. They also handle invasive procedures like painless tooth extraction, and surgical correction of gums and supporting bones to treat gum diseases. nnSome of the most common equipment used by the dentist for treating patients are X-ray machines, drills, and instruments such as mouth mirrors, probes, forceps, brushes and scalpels. Dentists normally wear masks, gloves and safety glasses for self-protection and to prevent the patients from acquiring infectious diseases.nnDuring their training program they learn techniques pertaining to modeling and measuring the oral cavity for designing dentures to replace missing teeth. This is also useful in creating oral prosthetics and implants. As part of preventative dentistry, the dentists offer instructions on diet, brushing, flossing, the use of fluorides, and other aspects of dental care that contribute to enhancing the dental health.nnMany dentists are private practitioners, but a large number also form partnerships or work on salary in hospitals, dental clinics, prisons or military units. Some others are instructors, administrators or researchers in dental schools and laboratories. Dentists may specialize in any one of the eight specialties recognized by the American Dental Association. The largest group is orthodontists, experts in fitting patients with braces or retainers that put pressure on the teeth to align them properly. nnThe employment opportunities for dentists are tremendous. The flipside is there is much job-related stress. Ever-increasing number of dentists take an early retirement due to ‘burn-out,’ lower back problems or poor general health.
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