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Effects of Influenza
The flu may affect individuals of all ages, though the highest incidence of the disease is among children and young adults. Influenza is generally more frequent during the colder months of the year. Infection is transmitted from person to person through the respiratory tract, by such means as inhalation of infected droplets resulting from coughing and sneezing. As the virus particles gain entrance to the body, they selectively attack and destroy the ciliated epithelial cells that line the upper respiratory tract, bronchial tubes, and trachea. The incubation period of the disease is one to two days, after which the onset of symptoms is abrupt, with sudden and distinct chills, fatigue, and muscular aches. The temperature rises rapidly to 38 to 40 °C (101 to 104 °F). A diffuse headache and severe muscular aches throughout the body are experienced, often accompanied by irritation or a sense of rawness in the throat. In three to four days the temperature begins to fall and the person begins to recover. Symptoms associated with respiratory tract infection, such as coughing and nasal discharge, become more prominent and may be accompanied by lingering feelings of weakness. Mortality from the flu is often high because so many people are infected. Death is caused, in most cases, by complications such as pneumonia or bronchitis, usually among older people who are weakened by other debilitating disorders.
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