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Among the bacteria that can cause meningitis are the meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis), the influenza bacillus (Haemophilus influenzae), and various strains of pneumococci, streptococci, or staphylococci.
A bacterial infection elsewhere in the body may be carried to the meninges through the bloodstream itself or from an adjacent infected organ, such as the middle ear or the nasal sinuses.
The infectious agents multiply in the meninges, where they produce a pus that thickens the cerebrospinal fluid, thereby causing various symptoms and complications.
Meningococcal meningitis is worldwide in distribution and more likely to occur in cold weather.
It is primarily a disease of youth and especially of children under age 10, though all ages may be affected. The disease is usually acquired by nasal droplet transmission.
Another serious cause of meningitis is Haemophilus influenzae; it occurs in infants and young children but only rarely in older persons, and its course and symptoms resemble those of N. meningitidis. The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of meningitis in adults.
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