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A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is made with certainty by obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture and examining it microscopically for the presence of bacteria and for increases in certain types of cells.
Diagnosis of meningitis is made by examination and confirmed by the performance of a test called a spinal tap (or lumbar puncture). In this test a needle is inserted into the lower part of the patient's back and a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—the liquid that surrounds the entire central nervous system—is removed.
If a bacterial, tuberculous, or fungal infection is found, patients need intensive medical care; appropriate antibiotics must be administered as soon as meningitis is suspected. The mortality and morbidity of the bacterial disease are substantial, even with the prompt use of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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