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Home » Diabetes » Diabetes-mellitus » Cause and Symptoms
Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells, which are located within clusters of cells in the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans.
Insulin's role in the body is to trigger cells to take up the carbohydrate glucose so that the cells can use this energy-yielding sugar. Persons with diabetes are impaired in the ability to metabolize glucose, and as a result the levels of glucose in the blood increase (a condition called hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar). As glucose accumulates in the blood, excess levels of this sugar are excreted in the urine.
Because of greater amounts of glucose in the urine, more water is excreted with it, causing an increase in urinary volume and frequency of urination as well as thirst.
(The name diabetes mellitus refers to these symptoms: diabetes, from the Greek diabainein, meaning “to pass through,” describes the copious urination, and mellitus, from the Latin meaning “sweetened with honey,” refers to sugar in the urine.)
Other symptoms of diabetes include itching, hunger, weight loss, and weakness.
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